![]() ![]() Our results resemble those reported for Puerto Rican anoles, and we discuss potential reasons why Anolis dewlap color design does not appear to be optimized for specific light habitats.Īnolis lizards (anoles) are textbook study organisms in evolution and ecology. Rather, dewlaps tended to perform similarly across most light environments. ![]() Despite substantial interspecific differences in dewlap colors, as well as moderate differences in habitat light spectra, results of our analyses did not support the prediction that a given species' dewlap should be more detectable in its “own” light habitat than in those of sympatric congeners. We used spectroradiometry and computational visual modeling for five species of closely related Jamaican anoles to calculate the detection probability of each species' dewlap in each of the species' light habitats. As most anoles are both arboreal and sympatric with one or more congeners, selection should favor dewlap colors that contrast sufficiently with the visual background of foliage to be detectable, and that differ reliably from dewlaps of sympatric congeners to be discriminable. In Anolis lizards, males use a colorful dewlap, together with head-bobbing displays, to deter conspecific rivals and to attract females. opalinus.Īnimal color signals evolve in response to selection by visual systems that perceive them, ambient light spectra that illuminate them, and features of the background against which they are juxtaposed. ![]() garmani is substantially lower (approximately 3% sequence difference), and phylogeographic patterns are significantly different from those observed in A. Anolis valencienni also shows high sequence divergence among haplotypes from different geographic populations (approximately 8% sequence difference) and may contain cryptic species. opalinus are highly divergent (approximately 12-15% sequence difference on average for each species) and show similar phylogeographic patterns, suggesting that each of these currently recognized species may be a complex of species. Haplotypes sampled from geographic populations of A. reconditus and a clade composed of Anolis garmani, A. ![]() grahami series, the sister-group relationship between Anolis lineatopus and A. A parsimony analysis of these data combined with previously published allozymic data yields a single most parsimonious tree with strong support for monophyly of the A. These data include 705 characters that are phylogenetically informative according to parsimony. valencienni), six of which occur on Jamaica. We report the results of phylogenetic analyses of 1447 bases of mitochondrial DNA sequence for 21 populations representing seven species of the Anolis grahami series (A. ![]()
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